ემიგრაცია

Ddadga saqarTvelos istoriis umZimesi periodi 1921 weli..menSevikuri mTavroba garbis saqarTvelodan,garbis da miaqvs ganZi,uZvirfasesi saunje Cveni qveynis,warsulis udidesi mematiane didi safrTxis qveS dadga.ganZi romlis Segrovebasa da gadarCenaSi amdeni ofli,cremli da sisxli CaiRvara.myisve miiRo gadawyvetileba eqvTimem,igi unda gahyoloda ganZs Tavis meuRlesTan erTad.didi wvalebiT CaaRwies safrangeTSi ganZma da eqvTimem.sul 39 yuTi,TviTon eqvTimes mzrunveli xeliT Calagebuli da Sekruli,Sesanaxad Caabares marselis banks.

    Lltolvilma qarTvelobam Tavis sakolonio sacxovreblad sofel levilSi mamuli SeiZina da iq dasaxlda.iqve ori mcire oTaxi eqvTimem da ninom daikaves.

     eqvTimes mTavari sazrunavi saqarTvelos uZvirfasesi kulturuli saWurWleTa dacva,maTi gamdidreba da saerTod samecniero muSaobis Semdgomi gaSla da gaRrmaveba iyo.am droidan saqarTveloSi dabrunebamde misi misi naxva SeiZleboda parizis nacionalur biblioTekaSi,arqivebSi,muzeumebSi,mravali dargis samecniero sazogadoebaSi.parizis mecnierTa wreebma aRiares qarTveli mecnieris avtoriteti da igi airCies parizis `saazio sazogadoebis” wevrad da kidev numizmatTa sazogadoebis wevrad.iwvevdnen sxdomebze,sTxovdnen moxsenebebs,usmendnen,angariSs uwevdnen,aRiarebdnen...

     cxovrobda Zalzed xelmokled,magram uaresi misi mtanjveli iyo nostalgia,sayvareli saqarTvelodan gadaxvewisa.saqarTveloSi dabruneba ki eqvTimes adrec SeeZlo da dabrundeboda kidec,rom ara yovlad samZimo da TandaTanobiT saSiSrad gamwvavebuli bedi safrangeTis bankSi Senaxuli saunjisa.safrangeTis mTavrobam gaauqma menSevikuri legacia,da mibarebuli qonebis sakiTxi safrTxis qveS dadga,qarTu;l ganZs TviT qarTvelTagan daemuqra safrTxe didi avantiuruli meTodebiT safrangeTSi myof qarTvelTa nawils surda ganZs daufleboda,rom ara eqvTime TayaiSvilis fxizeli Tvali,dauRalavi brZola sxvadasxva doneze es ganZi gaibneoda da saqarTvelos warsulic gacamtverdeboda.didi safrTxe kvlav Seeqmna ganZs,roca germanelebma safrangeTi daipyres da qarTuli ganZis yaCaRuri gziT gatacebas apirebdnen germanelebi..amaTganac daicva da SeinarCuna,Tumca ganZeuls mainc eparebodnen zogni `mter-moyvare”.niu-iorkSi raRac saSualebiT aRmoCnda qarTuli minanqruli ganZeulis raRac nawili,xelovnebis muzeumi uzomod dainteresda minanqrebis SeZeniT,rogor da ra saSualebiT ar ecadnen magram Seudrekeli berikaci jiutad icavda da mrisxanebas afrqvevda im TanamemamuleTa mimarT,romlebic sulmdablobas Seepyro...

     ukiduresi SimSili da gaWirveba idga safrangeTSi am dros,omis cecxlsi gaxveuli evropa,eqvTime avadmyofi TiTqmis mwoliare,SimSilobda,ukiduresad stkioda sneuli fexi,miuxedavad amisa miwas amuSavebda,mohyavda kartofili,mwvanili,bostneuli,rom Tavi gaetana.rogorc iqna erTi Txa gaiCina da ase wvalebiT gahqonda Tavi....udidesi tkivili iyo misTvis meuRlis gardacvaleba...

პირადი ცხოვრება

   cota ram misi piradi cxovrebis Sesaxebac unda vTqvaT,

1893 wels eqvTime TayaiSvilma colad SeirTo ivane poltorackaias qaliSvili nino.ivane poltorackaia dediT qarTveli,dabadebiT quTaiseli,ilia wavWavaZis gimnaziis megobari iyo.man rusulad Targmna ilias `mgzavris werilebi” da `kacia-adamiani?!”.ivanem pirvel vaJs ilia daarqva da iliasve moanaTlia.eqvTimem jvari daiwera poltoracki-gabaSvilis asul ninoze,romelmac sicocxlias aRsasrulamde maRalRirseuli saTmoebiTa da gmirobiT iara Tavisi meuRlis eklian gzaze.

    

სამშობლოში დაბრუნება

     ganZis sakiTxi 1944 wels gadawyda,roca moskovSi Camovida Sarl de goli,TviT safrangeTis xelisuflebis meTaurma Camoagdo sityva qarTul saganZurze da ganZis bedic dagawyda.

     warmoudgeneli sixaruli ganicada eqvTime TayaiSvilma,roca Seityo ganZis dabrunebis gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb,nivTebis Calagebisas avad gaxda filtvebis anTebiT,magram mkurnalobam da axlad gamogonilma penicilinma fexze male wamoayena,gana SeiZleboda aseT dros emuxTla beds da ar GRirseboda samSobloSi dabrunebis bedniereba.ori TviTmfrinavi gamofrinda saqarTveloSi qarTuli ganZiT datvirTuli.omi jer kidev ar iyo damTavrebuli da amitom frena 5 aprilidan 11 aprilamde gagrZelda.marseli-romi-bengazi-qairo-Teirani.11 aprils 1945 wels swored 24 wlis Semdeg daeSva Tbilisis aerodromze ori TviTmfrinavi.trapze mZimed daeSva didebuli moxuci,kaci romlis sicocxle da moRvaweoba gvaTqmevinebs –ai visi sicocxle rirda dedamiwaze.misi sityvebi iyo `axla SemiZlia vTqva,rom Sevasrule Cemi vali samSoblosa da xalxis winaSe”.rogorc iqna dasrulda qarTuli ganZis wameba da wameba samSoblodan mowyvetili mamuliSvilisa,romlis saxelic samudamod ukvdavyofili iqna Cveni samSoblos istoriaSi.

     1945 wels Tbilisi sruliad Secvlili da ganaxlebuli daxvda eqvTimes,patara bavSviviT Sehxaroda irgvliv yvelafers,ukve 82 wlisa iyo.mas tkivilad Camohyva dardi meuRlis saflavisa(romelic mogvianebiT saqarTveloSi gadmosvenebuli iqna).asakis miuxedavad Caeba aqtiur samecniero kvleliT saqmianobaSi.Jurnal-gazeTebSi ibeCdeboda misi werilebi.hyavda moswavleebi,uxvad aZlevda  rCeva darigebebs Tavis kolegebs.

     1945 wlis 15 aprils eqvTime TayaiSvili saqarTvelos ganaTelbis ministris brZanebiT dainiSna Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris profesorad.male mas damsaxurebuli profesoris wodeba mieniCa,xolo 1949 wels doqtoris xarisxi.1946 wels gaxda akademiis namdvili wevri.

     1946 wlidan 1952 wlamde man moaswro 16 werilisa da narkvevis dabeCdva.maT Soris aRsaniSnavia `iberTa da QqarTvelTa saxelmwifo”, `Cxaris eklesiis siZveleni”, `sumbat daviTis Zis qronika” , `vatikanis qarTuli xelnawerebi”, `mogonebani qarTvel mwerlebze”,misi gardacvalebis Semdeg daibeCda `apokrifuli moTxroba qarTlis cxovrebaSi”, `1917 wlis eqspedicia”, `arqeologiuri mogzauroba raWaSi”...

     Znelia Seafaso da aRwero sruliad Rvawli da amagi erTi kacisa,romelmac amdeni SeZlo,ar SeiZleba ramdenime winadadebiT ar SevexoT eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier aRmoCenil `vefxistyaosanis” Zvel xelnawerebs.man Tavi mouyara 17 xelnawers,romelTa Soris zogi metad sayuradRebo iyo,rogorc variantebiT,ise mxatvrobiT.xelnawerTa Soris yvelaze uZvelesi iyo 1646 wlisa,romelic vinme korinTelisagan SeiZina.aseve mefe giorgi 11-isaTvis 1680 wels misi mdivnis mier gadawerili `vefxistyaosani”.es xelnaweri gamoirCeva moxatulobiT.misi didi damsaxurebaa pelagia wereTliseuli `vefxistyaosnis” gadarCena,romelic siuJeturi miniaturebiT iyo dasuraTebuli.

     1952 wels eqvTime mZimed gaxda avad,Rrmad moxuci ukve veRar muSaobda,1953 wlis 21 Tebervals gardaicvala kaci,romelmac Rrma Sinaarsiani sicocxliT icxovra da Rirseulad aResrul.a.igi dakrZales vakis sasaflaoze,qarTvel mecnierTa gansasvenebelSi,mis dakrZalvas mxolod 40 kaci daeswro,ers `gamoepara”eqvTimes dakrZalva.mxolod 1963 wels gadaasvenes didubis qarTvel moRvaweTa pansionSi,sadac ganisveneben misi megobrebi da masaviT amagdari Tanamemamuleni.

     1985 wels reJisorma rezo TabukaSvilma gadaiRo dokumenturi filmi eqvTimes Sesaxeb.

     2002 wels saqarTvelos marTmadideblurma eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa da eqvTime RvTiskaci uwoda.eqvTime TayaiSvilis muzeumi ganTavsebulia mis ukanasknel sacxovrebel adgilas.TbilisSi vaSlovanis quCis 7 nomerSi.misi muzeumi arsebobs sofel lixaurSi,sadac yovel 16 ianvars `eqvTimeobas” aRniSnaven.

     `eqvTime specialobiT arc arqeologi iyo,arc xelovnebaTa mecnieri,arc istorikosi,arc qarTuli filologiis swavluli,magram igi imave dros erTic iyo,meorec,mesamec da meoTxec.sidiade msisi sulisa swored aq aris,man Tavisi eris samsaxurisaTvis es mecnierebani TviT Seiswavla,igi iyo `moxalise” . `moyvare” ,magram namdvili batoni saqarTvelos warsulis kvlevis farTo niadagzed...igi iyo gamgrZobi dimitri baqraZis,Tavisi ufrosi Tanamedrovis T.Jordanias da sxvaTa Rvawlisa,romelTac igive mizani xelmZRvanelobda maTi uangaro,dauRalavi da xangZlivi Sromis dros.

    

ექვთიმეს მოღვაწეობა საქართველოში

1887 wlidan eqvTime TayaiSvili damkvidrda TbilisSi rogorc damwyebi pedagogi  . gurul-quTaTuri warmommavlobis qarTveli inteligenti manamde sul erTxel iyo namyofi.  pedagogiur saqmianobas didi pasuxismgeblobiTa da siyvaruliT ekideboda,  daxelovnebisTvis eswreboda Tbilisis saxelmwifo gimnaziebSi momuSave TvalsaCino klasicistTa gakveTilebs.saaTebis naklebobis gamo kerZo moswavleebic yavda da didi mondomebiT muSaobda maTTan.axalgazrda maswavlebels male moupovebia didi avtoriteti da skolis gamge aleqsi WiWinaZe mas xSirad Tavis moadgiled tovebda saswavlebelSi.aswavlida laTinur  enas,geografias,berZnul enas da istorias.1894 wlidan eqvTime am saswavleblis xelmZRvali gaxda,Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom Tavidan ar Tanxmdeboda am Tanamdebobaze muSaobas da mxolod,mas Semdeg daTanxmda rac komitetma mxari dauWira eqvTimes reformatorul winadadebebs.

     eqvTimem saswavlebelSi saukeTeso maswavleblebi moiwvia,swavlis gaumjobesebam moswavleebi moizida da male es saswavlebeli saukeTeso gimnaziad aqcia.aq axalgazrdoba patriotuli da erovnuli faseulobebiT sazrdoobda.aRsazrdelebs uyvardaT eqvTime,miuxedavad misi simkacrisa,is yvelaze samarTlian da ganaTlebul pedagogad miaCndaT.

     aTi wlis manzilze eqvTime dauRalavad ibrZoda saswavleblis aRorZinebisaTvis da misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,uxdeboda `Seuwyveteli brzola kavkasiis samoswavlo olqis samzrunvelosTan,romlis TvalSi qarTuli gimnazia qarTuli nacionalizmisa da antirusuli miomarTulebis bude iyo”.

     1904 wels eqvTimem uari Tqva saswavleblis xelmZRvanelobaze,rogorc Cans amas ramdenime mizezi hqonda, `Tumca mas pedagogiuri saqmianoba ar Seuwyvetia da 1904 wlidan universitetis daarsebamde eqvTime sxvadasxva saxelmwifo gimnaziaSi muSaobda istoriisa da laTinuris maswavleblad”.

     Mmeoce saukunis dasawyisi umZimesi periodi iyo saqarTvelos istoriaSi.saWiro iyo brZola eris sulieri gadarCenisaTvis,aseT umZimes Jams ilia WavWavaZe,akaki wereTeli,dimitri yifiani,niko nikolaZe,iakob gogebaSvili,vaJa-fSavela,sergei mesxi da sxv.eris sulieri gadarCenis sadarajoze aqtiurobdnen. maTTan erTad Zlieri moqmedi mamuliSvili iyo eqvTime TayaiSvili.

     jer kidev gimnaziaSi muSaobis dawyebisTanave igi Seiyvanes wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli  sazogadoebis wevrad da maSinve,arCevis dRidanve eqvTime TayaiSvili Seiqmna yvelaze cxoveli da dausvenari muSaki “sazogadoebis”fondSi Semosuli xelnawerebisa,arqivebisa.

     Ggzadagza eqvTimes narkvevebi ibeWdeboda gazeT `iveriaSi”.1888 wels Seiswavla da gamoikvlia `parxlis saxareba”,amas mohyva Satberduli `moqcevai qarTlisai” axleburi wakiTxva,rkveva da daTarireba.am narkvevebis ganxilvas ilia CavCavaZec daswrebia da didi mowoneba gamouTqvams axalgazrda mkvlevaris mimarT.

     1890 wels eqvTime TayaiSvilma erTad mouyara Tavi da gamoaqveyna `sami istoriuli qronika”,sadac warmodgenilia `moqcevai qarTlisai”, `sumbaTis qronika” da “mesxuri matiane”.

    1891 wels iqvTime TayaiSvilma isev aalaparaka qarTuli inteleqtualuri sazogadoeba axali gamocemiT-`axali varianti wminda ninos cxovrebisa anu meore nawili qarTlis moqcevisa”.paralelurad igi arqeologiur Ziebebs awarmoebda.1889 wels bagineTSi wamoiwyo arqeologiuri gaTxrebi,ilia WavWavaZis xelSewyobiT ori kviris Ziebam sagrZnobi Sedegic moitana,magram usaxsrobis gamo muSamoba veRar gaagZela.

    1892 wels eqvTime TayaiSvili ilia WavWavaZes gverdSi edga nikoloz baraTaSvilis gadmosvenebisas,ganjidan TbilisSi.male eqvTimes TavgamodebiT misi redaqtorobiT `wera-kiTxivs gamavrcelebelma sazogadoebam” gamosca nikoloz baraTaSvilis TxzulebaTa pirveli sruli krebuli.

     Yyoveli sazafxulo ardadegebis dros eqvTmime TayaiSvili awarmoebda arqeologiur gaTxrebs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, igi Seiqna mesafuZvle saerTod Semdgomi  drois didi arqeologiuri mikvlevebisa qarTul miwaze. pedagogiuri da arqeologiuri moRvaweobis paralelurad igi ar wyvetda samecniero-sagamomcemlo saqmianobas.1895 wels gamoaqveyna `sibrZne balavarisa”.mravali saredaqcio variantiT da mecnieruli komentarebiT. imave wels gamosca meTvramete saukunis xelnaweli `kaTalikos-baqariani mRvdlis iese tlaSaZisa,moTxroba leqsad”,rusul da qarTul Jurnal-gazeTebSi ganagZobda calke xelnawerebisa dasigel-gurjebis gamoqveynebas.awyobda literaturul saRamoebs,sadac iyo leqsebisa da prozis kiTxva.paeqroba,violinoze dakvra,simRera da cekva.

     1896 wels eqvTime axlda ilia WavWavaZes gelaTSi,gabriel episkoposis dakrZalvaze,iliasTan iRvwoda igi wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel sazogadoebaSi da TavadaznaurTa bankis sakrebuloSi,yvelgan sadac ki  erisTvis sasikeTo da saWirboroto saqme unda gadawyvetiliyo.

     1899 wels gamovida pirveli tomiEeqvTime TayaiSvilis didmniSvnelovani samecniero seriisa `saqarTvelos siZveleni”,sadac Tavmoyrilia 431 sxvadasxva dasaxelebisa daSinaarsis sabuTi,aqti,nusxa,sigeli,gujari.

     1900 wels eqvTime TayaiSvili,ilia WavWavaZesTan,niko cxvedaZesTan,iakob gogebaSvilTan da svimon kldiaSvilTan erTad monawileobda momavali qarTuli sauniversiteto Senobis saZirkvlis dalocvis ceremonialSi.

     1902 welsrusul enaze gamoica brwyinvale naSromi -`aRweriloba qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis xelnawerebisa”.am naSroms umaRlesi Sefaseba misca niko marma da ivane javaxisvilma.

     Ffasdaudebelia GRvawli eqvTimesi `qarTlis cxovrebis” mravalmxrivi Seswavlisa saqmeSi.aseve literaturul ZeglTa –`Timsarianis”, `ioseb-zilixanianis”, `qilila da damanas” gamoqveynebiT.

     1907 wels eqvTime TayaiSvilma daaarsa `saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoeba”,misi damfuZnebeli kreba Catarda 20 seqtembers.es sazogadoeba miznad isaxavda Seegrovebina,Seeswavla da Seenaxa qarTuli kulturis siZveleni -istoriuli,arqeologiuri,eTnografiuli,werilobiTi xasiaTisa.

    eqvTime werda `saqarTvelo daviare da davinaxe,Tu ra uzarmazari masalaa ganwiruli, ganwiruli daviwyebisa da xSirad daRupvisaTvisac.pirdapir amitana fanatikurma miswrafebam,rac SeiZleba meti momeswro,miT umetes,rom Cems TanamedroveTagan  aRaravin misdevda am saqmes”.

    1902 wels eqvTimem moiara samxreTi saqarTvelo da aRwera iq arsebuli istoriuli Zeglebi,1907 wels ufro momzadebuli da safuZvilani eqspedicia eqvTimem moawyo inJiner anatoli kalzinis,frangi maswavleblisa da fotografis eduard liozenis TanxlebiT,moiares kola,olTisi,aRwera banas didebuli taZari,  taoskari,dadaSeni,jijori,mravali Zegli da naZeglari da namusrevi.

    1910 wels eqvTimem moawyo samecniero da sakvlevaZiebo eqspedicia leCxumsa da svaneTSi.es iyo pirveli aRwera leCxumisa da svaneTis istoriuli Zeglebisa.

    1913 wels `Zveli saqarTvelos” meore tomi gamovida.rusul enaze gamoica- `arqeologiuri eqskursiebi Ziebani da SeniSvnebi”.

 1914 wels mesame tomic gamoica.

    1917 wels eqvTimem mesamed moawyo arqeologiuri eqspedicia samxreT saqarTveloSi.yarsisa da olTisis gavliT,TorTumis xeobaSi gavida Seswavlili da aRwerili iqna qarTuli kulturis ubrwyinvalesi Zeglebi – xaxuli,oSki,iSxani.

     1918 wels didi movlena saqarTvelos istoriaSi- universitetis gaxsna.eqvTime TayaiSvili uaxloesi  TanamebrZolia ivane javaxiSvilisa.eqvTime,ivanes wardginebiT,aris universitetis pirveli leqtori arqeologiis dargSi.ivane javaxiSvilis winadadebiT,universitetis profesorTa sabWom iqvTimes `honoris kauza” mianiCa,qarTuli arqeologiis doqtoris xarisxi.

ექვთიმეს ბავშვობა

Gguriis lamaz sofel lixaurSi daibada eqvTime TayaiSvili 1863 wlis 5 ianvars,maSin es sofeli ozurgeTis mazraS i Sedioda.mamamisi iyo aznauri simon TayaiSvili.  kaci metad patiosani,gonieri da mxne. `Wkuis sakiTxavi”,deda makvaneli Tavadis gituli nakaSiZis asuli,gulTbili,xalxis mosiyvarule da mosarCle,qvelmoqmedi mandilosani. mkafiod gamovlenili niWiereba,sisxarte, daudegari buneba  eqvTimes pataraobidanve gamoarCevda. metismeti simkvircxlisa da daudegarobis gamo sami wlis patara xidan gadmovardnila da fexi moutexia da es tragedia mTeli cxovrebis manZilze samudamo naklad gamohyolia .es tragediac ar ikmara bedma da xuTi wlis asakSi sruliad daoblda.  Ggazarda bebiam mxne beriqalma,sajavaxoeli SaraSiZis asulma ..meurved ki ufrosi da da siZe dauniSnes. ufrosma Zmam nikom, swavla ar indoma, varlami samxedro saswavlebelSi gaamweses, xolo  eqvTime samoqalaqoSi.

     1865 wels guriaSi batonymoba rom gauqmda, Zmebs sul aTasiode maneTi ergoT, es iyo mTeli maTi qoneba rac ymaTa sasyidelad gadauxades.

     Mmomavali istorikosis balRoba garemosili iyo Zveli cixe-saydris ,namosaxlarebis,moxucda mogoneba gadmocemebis ,Zvelebur-qarTuli zne-Cveulebisa da eTnografiuli yofis atmosferoTi. lixauris Sua ubans, saukuneobiT amSvenebda veeberTela muxa,romelic axlac dgas,siberisagan totebSemomxmari, guriis umZimesi warsulis utyvi mowme, romelic eqvTimes usayvarlesi adgili iyo. marTalia ST amomavlobiT aznauri iyo magram pataraobidanve guriis gamrje glexkacTa Soris aRizarda da Tavadac dauRalavi mSromeli iyo,igi yovelTvis didi siyvaruliT ixseniebda mezobel glexebs da maT gamo Tavadaznaurobis uaryofiT warmomadgenlebs upirispirebda maT.  didi TanagrZnobiT ekideboda politikur firalebs,TanaugrZnobda glexobis Tavdauzogav brZolas TviTmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg .gulistkiviliT ganicdida carizmis sisxlian represiebs guriis mimarT da cdilobda SeZlebisamebr mieRo monawileoba maT aRkveTaSi.

პროლოგი

`eri Tavis gmirebSi hpoulobs Tavis sulsa da gulsa,Tavis mwvrTlensa,Tavis GRones da SemZleblobas,Tavis xatsa da magaliTs ,amitomac igi zogs imaTgans wmindanebis gvirgviniTa hmosavs da hpoulobs.zogs did-bunebovanobis SaravandediTa, da Tayvansa scems sasoebiT da madlobiTa,amitomac saWiroa imaTi  xsovna,imaTi dauviwyaroba.”

                                                                   (ilia)

დასკვნა

Uudaod didi qarTveli iyo eqvTime TayaiSvili,am gadasaxedidan SegviZlia sityviT mainc vaxsenoT da gamovxatoT madliereba,unda viamayoT rom gvyavs eqvTime da misTanani,romlebmac sakuTari mxrebiT zides eris tvirTi da tkivili,Segvinaxes istoria da vamayofT dRes qarTvelobiT,sakuTar vals sicocxlis winaSe yvela Taviseburad ixdis eqvTimem ki Rrma kvali datova erisa da istoriis winaSe.